Archive for: Volume 6

S. No

Volume-1 Issue-12, November 2013, ISSN: 2319-9598 (Online)
Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Pvt. Ltd. 

Page No.

1.

Authors:

Neha Thombare, Pallavi Deshmukh, Simantini Patil, Shailesh Jain

Paper Title:

Personalized Image Search

Abstract: Personalized Search is a feature in which when a user is logged into a account, all of his or her searches on Personal Search are recorded into  Web History. Then, when a user performs a search, the search results are not only based on the relevancy of each web page to the search term, but the service also takes into account what websites the user previously visited through search results to determine which search results to determine for future searches, to provide a more personalized experience. The feature only takes effect after the user has performed several searches, so that it can be calibrated to the user’s tastes. Social sharing websites like facebook, twitter, YouTube they are allowing user to comment, tag, like and unlike the shared documents or images. Rapid Increase in the search services for social websites has been developed.

Keywords: Personalized Search, Tagging, Topic Model.

References:
1.        Learn to Personalized Image Search from the Photo Sharing Websites Jitao Sang, Changsheng Xu, Senior Member, IEEE, Dongyuan Lu
2.        B. Smyth, “A community-based approach to personalizing web search,”Computer, vol. 40, no. 8, pp. 42–50, 2007.
3.        Personalized Search on Flickr based on Searcher’s Preference Prediction Dongyuan Lu, Qiudan Li

1-3

2.

Authors:

Y.Shekar, B. Vasunayak, J. Sunil Kumar, A. Sanyasi Rao, Fathima Shireen

Paper Title:

Cryptographic Algorithms Implementation on RISC Processor

Abstract: Security is one of the most important features in data communication. Cryptographic algorithms are mainly used for this purpose to obtain confidentiality and integrity of data in communication. Implementing a cryptographic algorithm on a general purpose processor it results lower throughput and larger power consumption. In this work we propose processor architecture to perform the cryptographic algorithms and also it speed up the encryption and decryption process of data. This processor will perform the cryptographic operations as like general instructions in GPP. The data size of this processor is 32-bit. The architecture of the processor designed using Verilog HDL.

Keywords: Cryptographic Algorithms, GPP, Verilog.

References:
1.        Jun-hong chen “A High-Performance Unified Field Reconfigurable Cryptographic Processor”. IEEE-2010
2.        Nima Karimpour Darav “CIARP: Crypto Instruction-aware RISC Processor.IEEE-2012”
3.        Antonio H. Zavala “RISC-Based Architecture for Computer Hardware Instruction” IEEE-2011
4.        “Data Encryption Standard” 1999 october 25.
5.        “Advance Encryption Standard” November 26 2001
6.        Imyong Lee, Dongwook Lee, Kiyoung choi, “ODALRISC: A Small, Low power and Configurable 32-bit RISC processor,” International SOC design Conference 2008.
7.        Wayne Wolf, FPGA Based System Design, Prentice Hall, 2005.
8.  National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), “Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), (FIPPUB 197)”, November 26, 2001, http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/.
9.        Atri. Rudra, Pradeep k. Dubey, Charanjit S.Jutla, Vijay Kumar, Josyula R.Rao, Pankaj Rahotgi, “Efficient Implementation of Rijndael Encryption with Composite Field Arithmetic,” Proceedings of Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems (CHES), Vol. 2162,  pp.175-188, 2001.
10.     Rohit Sharma, Vivek Kumar Sehgal, Nitin Nitin1, Pranav Bhasker, Ishita Verma, “Design and Implementation of 64-Bit RISC Processor using   Computer Modeling and Simulation,” Proceedings of UKsim, Vol. 11, pp. 568 – 573, 2009.
11.     R. Uma, “Design and performance analysis of 8-bit RISC Processor using Xilinx tool,” International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), Vol. 2, Issue 2, pp.53-58, March-April 2012, ISSN: 2248-9622.
12.     Jean-Luc Beuchat, “FPGA Implementations of the RC6 Block Cipher,’’ Laboratoire de l’Informatique du arall´elisme, Ecole Normale Sup´erieure de Lyon,46, All´ee d’Italie, F–69364 Lyon Cedex 07.
13.     Arturo Diaz-Perez, Nazar A. Saqib, Francisco Rodriguez-Henriquez, ‘‘Implementing Symmetric-Key Cryptosystems on Reconfigurable-Hardware,’’ springer Nov 2006, ISBN : 0387338837.
14.     Imyong Lee, Dongwook Lee, Kiyoung choi, “ODALRISC: A Small, Low power and Configurable 32-bit RISC processor,” International SOC design Conference 2008.
15.     R. Razdan and M.D. Smith, “A High-Performance Micro architecture with Hardware-Programmable Functional Units,” Proceedings of. Micro-27, pp. 172-180, 1994.
16.     Vincent P. Heuring, and Harry F. Jordan, “Computer Systems Design and Architecture,” Second Edition, 6th Dec, 2003, ISBN-10: 0130484407.
17.     Dave Van den Bout “The Practical XILINX Designer Lab Book,” pp.30-31, ISBN 0-13- 095502-7.
18.     XILINX datasheet library, http:// www.xilinx.com/ partinfo/4000.pdf
19.     Jonas Thor, “Evaluation of a reconfigurable computing engine for digital communication Applications,” pp.12-17, ISSN 1402-1617.
20.     Rasset T.L, Niederland R.A, Lane J.H, Geideman W.A “A 32-b RISC Implemented in Enhancement-Mode JFET Ga As,” Vol.3, pp.60-70, 9 Oct 1986.
21.     Dolle.M, Jhand. S, Lehner.W, Muller.O, Schlett.M. “A 32-b RISC/DSP microprocessor with reduced complexity,” Proceedings of journals and magazines, Vol. 32, Issue 7, pp 1056-1066, 06 August 2002.
22.     Buhler, M. Baitinger “VHDL-based development of a 32-bit pipelined RISC processor,” U.G. Stuttgart University, Vol 1, pp. 138-142, 06 August 2002.

4-8

3.

Authors:

Geethanjali Marri, P. Sri Padma, Ch. Ganapathi Reddy

Paper Title:

Conjugate Gradient Based MMSE Filter for Uplink Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access Systems

Abstract: Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) compensation is very important for reliable detection of transmitted data in uplink Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems. In this paper we proposed a low-complexity CFO compensation algorithm based on the Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) criterion for uplink OFDMA systems. The proposed algoritm employs a Conjugate Gradient (CG) method which iteratively finds the MMSE solution. In this paper we are presenting the proposed method by comparing with the existing direct MMSE method and we show that CFO can be compensated with substantially reduced computational complexity by applying the CG method.

Keywords: Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Conjugate Gradient (CG).

References:
1.        Cao. Z, Tureli. U, Yu-Dong Yao and Honan. P, “Frequency synchronization for generalized OFDMA uplink,” 2004 IEEE GLOBECOM Proc, Vol. 2, pp. 1071-1075. 
2.        “IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks, part 16: air interface for fixed and mobile broadband wireless access systems amendment 2: physical and medium access control layers for combined fixed and mobile operation in licensed bands,” IEEE Std. 802.16e, Feb. 2006.
3.        J. R. Shewchuk, An Introduction to the Conjugate-Gradient Method Without the Agonizing Pain. Carnegie Mellon University, School of Computer Science, 1994.
4.        K. Etemad, “Overview of mobile WiMAX technology and evolution,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 46, pp. 31–40, Oct. 2008.
5.        Kilbom Lee, Sang-Rim Lee, Sung-Hyun Moon and Inkyu Lee, “MMSE-based CFO compensation for uplink OFDMA systems with conjugate gradient,” IEEE Trans.Wireless Commun., vol.11, AUG 2012,  pp. 2767-2775.
6.        Michele Moreli, Jay Kuo. C, “Synchronization techniques for orthogonal frequency division multiple access,” IEEE Proc. Vol.95, no.7, July 2007, pp.1394-1427.
7.        Samuel C.Yang, “ OFDMA system analysis and design,” pp.1-92.
8.        Sreedhar. D and Chockalingam. A, “ MMSE receiver for multiuser interference cancellation in uplink OFDMA,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol.6, Nov. 2008, pp. 2125-2129.

9-15

4.

Authors:

Sreenivasa Reddy Mula

Paper Title:

Power Factor Correction

Abstract: In this paper, a new parallel-connected single phase power factor correction (PFC) topology using flyback converter in parallel with forward converter is proposed to improve the input power factor with simultaneously output voltage regulation taking consideration of current harmonic norms. Paralleling of converter modules is a well-known technique that is often used in medium-power applications to achieve the desired output power by using smaller size of high frequency transformers and inductors. The proposed approach offers cost effective, compact and efficient AC-DC converter by the use of parallel power processing.Forward converter primarily regulates output voltage with fast dynamic response and it acts as master which processes 60% of the power. Flyback converter with AC/DC PFC stage regulates input current shaping and PFC, and processes the remaining 40% of the power as a slave. A parallel-connected interleaved structure offers smaller passive components, less loss even in continuous conduction inductor current mode, and reduced volt-ampere rating of DC/DC stage converter. MATLAB/SIMULINK is used for implementation and simulation results show the performance improvement.

Keywords: Ac-dc converter, pwm, pfc, simulink, matlab.

References:
1.        R. Redl: “Power-factor correction in single-phase switching-mode power supplies-an overview”, Int. J. Electronics, Vol. 77, No. 5, pp. 555-582, 1994.
2.        P. Tonti, G. Spiazzi: “Harmonic Limiting Standards and Power Factor Correction Techniques”. Tutorial presented at the European Power Electronics Conference (EPE), Sevilla (Spain), September 1995.
3.        R. Redl, L Balogh : “RMS, DC, Peak and Harmonic Currents in High- Frequency Power-Factor Correctors with Capacitive Energy Storage”. Proceeding of APEC ’92, pp. 533-540.
4.        J. Zhang, M.M. Jovanovic, F.C. Lee: “Comparison between CCM single-stage and two-stage boost PFC converters”. Proceeding of APEC ’99, pp.335-41.
5.        Chow, M.H.L.; Siu, K.W.; Tse, C.K.; Yim-Shu Lee: “A novel method for elimination of line-current harmonics in single-stage PFC switching regulators”. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol.13, (no.1), Jan. 1998. pp.75-83.

16-17

5.

Authors:

Raghava Yathiraju

Paper Title:

Acoustic Echo Cancellation Using Conventional Adaptive Algorithms

Abstract: An adaptive filter is a filter that self-adjusts its transfer function according to an optimization algorithm driven by an error signal.Because of the complexity of the optimization algorithms,most adaptive filters are digital filters.Adaptive filtering constitutes one of the core technologies in digital signal processing and finds numerous application areas in science as well as in industry. Adaptive filtering techniques are used in a wide range of applications, including, adaptive noise cancellation, echo cancellation, adaptive equalization and adaptive beamforming. Acoustic echo cancellation is a common occurrence in today’s telecommunication systems. The signal interference caused by acoustic echo is distracting to users and causes a reduction in the quality of the communication. This paper focuses on the use of Least Mean Square (LMS), Normalised Least Mean Square (NLMS), Variable Step-Size Least Mean Square (VSLMS), Variable Step-Size Normalised Least Mean Square (VSNLMS) and Recursive Least Square (RLS) algorithms to reduce this unwanted echo, thus increasing communication quality.

Keywords: Adaptive filters, Echo, Adaptive algorithms, Echo cancellation, Acoustic echo cancellation.

References:
1.        Homana, I.; Topa, M.D.; Kirei, B.S.; “Echo cancelling using adaptive  algorithms”, Design and Technology of Electronics Packages, (SIITME) 15th International Symposium., pp. 317-321, Sept.2009.
2.        Eneman, K.; Moonen, M.; “Iterated partitioned block frequency-domain adaptive filtering for acoustic echo cancellation,” IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, vol. 11, pp. 143-158, March 2003.
3.        G. Egelmeers, P. Sommen, and J. de Boer, “Realization of an acoustic echo canceller on a single DSP,” in Proc. Eur. Signal Processing Conf. (EUSIPCO96), Trieste, Italy, pp. 33–36, Sept. 1996.
4.        Soria, E.; Calpe, J.; Chambers, J.; Martinez, M.; Camps, G.; Guerrero, J.D.M.;  “A novel approach to introducing adaptive filters based on the LMS algorithm and its variants”, IEEE Transactions, vol. 47, pp. 127-133, Feb 2008.
5.        Krishna, E.H.; Raghuram, M.; Madhav, K.V; Reddy, K.A; “Acoustic echo cancellation using a computationally efficient transform domain LMS adaptive filter,” 2010 10th International Conference on Information sciences signal processing and their applications (ISSPA), pp. 409-412, May 2010.
6.        E. Soria, J. Calpe, J. Guerrero, M. Martínez, and J. Espí, “An easy demonstration of the optimum value of the adaptation constant in the LMS algorithm,” IEEE Trans. Educ., vol. 41, pp. 83, Feb. 1998.
7.        D. Morgan and S. Kratzer, “On a class of computationally efficient rapidly converging, generalized NLMS algorithms,” IEEE Signal Processing Lett., vol. 3, pp. 245–247, Aug. 1996
8.        Tandon, A.; Ahmad, M.O.; Swamy, M.N.S.; “An efficient, low-complexity, normalized LMS algorithm for echo cancellation”, IEEE workshop on Circuits and Systems, 2004. NEWCAS 2004, pp. 161-164, June 2004.
9.        Lee, K.A.; Gan, W.S; “Improving convergence of the NLMS algorithm using constrained subband updates,” Signal Processing Letters IEEE, vol. 11, pp. 736-739, Sept. 2004.            
10.     D.L. Duttweiler, “Proportionate Normalized Least Mean Square Adaptation in Echo Cancellers,” IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Processing, vol. 8, pp. 508-518, Sept. 2000.
11.     Sristi, P.; Lu, W.-S.; Antoniou, A.;”A new variable step-size LMS algorithm and its application in subband adaptive filtering for echo cancellation,” The 2001 IEEE International Synposium on Circuits and Systems, 2001. ISCAS 2001, vol. 2, pp. 721-724, May 2001.
12.     Tingchan, W.; Chutchavong, V.; Benjangkaprasert, C.; “ Performance of A Robust Variable Step-Step LMS Adaptive Algorithm for multiple Echo Cancellation in Telephone Network,” SICE-ICASE, 2006. International Joint Conference, pp. 3173-3176, Oct 2006.
13.     Li Yan; Wang Xinan; “A Modified VSLMS Algorithm,” The 9th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology, vol. 1, pp. 615-618, Feb 2007.
14.     J. B. Evans, P. Xue, and B. Liu, “Analysis and implementation of variable step size adaptive algorithms,” IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol. 41, pp. 2517– 2535, Aug. 1993.
15.     Paleologu, C.; Benesty, J.; Grant, S.L.; Osterwise, C.; “Variable step-size NLMS algorithms for echo cancellation” 2009 Conference Record of the forty-third Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers., pp. 633-637, Nov 2009.
16.     Ahmed I. Sulyman and Azzedine Zerguine, “Echo Cancellation Using a Variable Step-Size NLMS Algorithm”, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Queen’s University.
17.     J. Benesty, H. Rey, L. Rey Vega, and S. Tressens, “A nonparametric VSS NLMS algorithm,” IEEE Signal Process. Lett., vol. 13, pp. 581–584, Oct. 2006.
18.     S.C. Douglas, “Adaptive Filters Employing Partial Updates,” IEEE Trans.Circuits SYS.II, vol. 44, pp. 209-216, Mar 1997.        
19.     Jun Xu; Wei-ping Zhou; Yong Guo; “A Simplified RLS Algorithm and Its Application in Acoustic Echo Cancellation,” 2nd International conference on Information Engineering and Computer Science, pp. 1 4, Dec.2010.
20.     Mohammed, J.R.; Singh, G.; “An Efficient RLS Algorithm For Output-Error Adaptive IIR Filtering And Its Application To Acoustic Echo Cancellation,” IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Image and Signal Processing, 2007. CIISP 2007, pp. 139-145, April 2007.
21.     J. Shynk, “Frequency-domain and multirate adaptive filtering,” IEEE Signal Processing Mag., vol. 9, pp. 15– 37,  Jan. 1992.
22.     D. L. Duttweiler, “A twelve-channel digital echo canceller,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 647–653, May 1978.

18-24

6.

Authors:

Omar Turath Tawfeeq

Paper Title:

THD Reduction of A Current Source Rectifier-DC Motor Drive Using Single Tuned Filters

Abstract: A current source rectifier (CSR) is commonly used to supply a DC Motor with variable voltage for variable speed applications. A study of THD Reduction using single tuned filters employed to obtain the required low harmonic distortion and nearly unity power factor in A.C supply current over a wide range of operating shaft speed. The external performances of a three-phase CSR-fed separately excited DC motor drive such as power factor, harmonics factor, and efficiency  using sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) control technique are obtained for different speeds and modulation indexes. Separately excited DC motors with armature voltage control provides constant torque operation. The effectiveness of the proposed system (2.3-kW 13A DC motor drive) was verified through computer Matlab simulations.

Keywords: Current source rectifier, DC Drive, THD Reduction, Single tuned filters, SPWM.

References:
1.        H.F. Bilgin°+, K.N. Köse°, G. Zenginobuz°, M. Ermis°+, E. Nalçaci°+, I. Çadirci°+and H. Köse* , “A Unity Power Factor Buck Type PWM Rectifier for Medium/High Power DC Motor Drive Applications”, °TÜBITAK-METU Information Technologies and Electronics Research Institute TR06531 Ankara-Turkey, (C) 2001 IEEE.
2.        SESHAGIRI R. DORADLA, C. NAGAMANI, AND SUBHANKAR SANYAL“A Sinusoidal Pulsewidth Modulated Three-Phase AC to DC Converter-Fed DC Motor Drive ”, IEEE Transactions On Industry Applications, Vol. IA-21, No. 6, November/December 1985.
3.        Hazım Faruk Bilgin, K. Nadir Köse, Gürkan Zenginobuz, Muammer Ermis¸, Erbil Nalçacı, Is¸ık Çadırcı,, and Hasan Köse “A Unity-Power-Factor Buck-Type PWM Rectifier for Medium / High – Power DC Motor Drive Applications”, IEEE Transactions On Industry Applications, Vol. 38, No. 5, September/October 2002
4.        Seema P. Diwan, Dr. H. P. Inamdar, and Dr. A. P. Vaidya“ Simulation Studies of Shunt Passive Harmonic Filters: Six Pulse Rectifier Load . Power Factor Improvement and Harmonic Control”, ACEEE Int. J. on Electrical and Power Engineering, Vol. 02, No. 01, Feb 2011.
5.        Rajashekara, K., Bhat, A.K.S., Bose, B.K. “Power Electronics” The Electrical Engineering Handbook Ed. Richard C. Dorf Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 2000.
6.        Ersoy Kelebekler, Ali Bekir Yildiz, “Analysis of Passive and Active Filters Using Modified Nodal Approach”, Compatibility in Power Electronics, CPE ’07, Gdansk, Issue Date: May 29-June 1 2007, IEEE.
7.        Alexandre B. Nassif, WilsunXu, and WalmirFreitas, “An Investigation on the Selection of Filter Topologies for Passive Filter Applications”, IEEE Vol. 24, No. 3, July, 2009.
8.        Bashar Abbas Fadeel , “Analysis and Design of Passive Filter to Reduce Line Current Harmonics for Controlled Rectifiers”, M. Sc. Thesis, University of Mosul, 2011. (in Arabic).
9.        W. SHEPHERD and P.ZAND, “Energy Flow And Power Factor In Nonsinusoidal Circuits”, First published, Cambridge University Press, 1979.
10.     IEEE Standard 1459-2000, “IEEE Trial-Use Standard Definitions for the Measurement of Electric Power Quantities Under Sinusoidal, Nonsinusoidal, Balanced, or Unbalanced Conditions”, 2000, IEEE.
11.     Jos Arrillaga and Neville R. Watson, “Power System Harmonics”, second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, England, 2003.
12.     Muhammad H. Rashid, “Power Electronics: Circuits, Devices and Applications”, Third Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, U.S.A, 2004.

25-29

7.

Authors:

Sainath A. Waghmare, Chandan D. Chaudhari, Sumit N. Gavande

Paper Title:

Numerical Analysis and Experimental Failure Mode Determination of Composite T -Joint

Abstract: The use of fibre composite materials in more demanding roles is increasing due to increased performance requirements in various applications. One type of joint in a sandwich panels in superstructure is a T-joint. An existing design consists of panels joined by filler material and overlaminates of the same thickness as the skin laminates. The aim of the research was to determine the methodology to predict the failure mode of the T-Joint under a pull-off tensile loading using Finite Element model. The outcome of the research was that the Finite Element (FE) simulations were used in conjunction to determine the failure mechanism of the T-Joint in the presence of disbonds in the critical location. Stress distributions are investigated by both laboratory tests and numerical modeling, and design criteria for core pieces are presented.

Keywords: Sandwich panels, Overlaminates, T-joint, Core pieces, FRP.

References:
1.        Ferry Dharmawan. “The structural integrity and damage tolerance of composite t joint in naval vessel”, School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, November 2008.
2.        Toftegaard H, Lystrup A. “Design and test of lightweight sandwich Tjointfor naval ships”. Compos A ApplSciManufact 2005;36:1055–65.
3.        Toftegaard, H &Lystrup, A, “Design and test of lightweight sandwich Tjoint for naval ships”, Composites Part A: AppliedScience and Manufacturing ACMC/SAMPE Conference on Marine Composites (MarComp) 2003, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 1055-1065.
4.        Shenoi RA, Hawkins GL. “Influence of material and geometry variations on the behaviour of bonded tee connections in FRP ships.” Composites 1992;23:335–45.
5.        D.W. Zhou , L.A. Louca  and M. Saunders, “Numerical simulation of sandwich T-joints under dynamic loading”Composites: Part B 39 (2008) 973–985  23 December 2007
6.        Efstathios E. Theotokoglou,“FAILURE MODES IN COMPOSITE JOINTS A FINITE ELEMENT  STUDY”The National Technical University of AthensGR-157 73 Athens, Greece
7.        ST. JOHN, N, GRABOVAC, I, GELLERT, (2000) “Fiber-resin composite research in support of current and future Royal Australian Navy Vessels.” International conference Construction Latest Development, London.
8.        Yadav S.S. and Chhapkhane N. K., “Design and Testing of Lightweight sandwich T-joint of composite material using FEA and experimental technique”, ISSN: 2278-0181, IJERT, Vol. 1Issue 6, August- 2012.
9.        KIRSHAN K. CHAWLA ,”Composite Materials‟, Springer publications, Second Edition ,  reprint (2006).
10.     David Cripps, Gurit, http://www.gurit.com
11.     M.D. Banea and L.F.M da Silva, “Adhesively bonded joints in composite materials: An overview”, DOI: 10.1243/14644207JMDA219, Institution of Mechanical Engineers vol.223, 2009.
12.     Christian Berggreen, Christian Lundsgaard-Larsen, Kasper Karlsen, Claus Jenstrup and Brian Hayman, “Improving performance of polymer fiber vessels-Part I: Design aspects”, 16th  International Conference On Composite Materials, Kyoto Japan, 2007.
13.     S.M.R. Khalili and A.Ghaznavi, “Numerical analysis of adhesively bonded T-joints with structural sandwiches and study of design parameters”,  Elsevier, International Journal of Adhesion & Adhesives 31 (2011) 347–356, February 2011.
14.     www.azom.com
15.     X.X. Dai and J.Y. Richard Liew, “Fatigue performance of lightweight steel_concrete_steel sandwich systems”, Elsevier, Journal of Constructional Steel Research 66 ,256_276, July 2009.
16.     http://www.dnv.com
17.     Keun-Il Song, Ji-Young Choi, Jin-HweKweon, Jin-Ho Choi and Kwang-Soo Kim, “An experimental study of the insert joint strength of composite sandwich structures”, Elsevier, Composite Structures 86 (2008) 107–113, 2008
18.     http://www.cetec.demon.co.uk
19.     A.P. Mouritz, E. Gellert, P. Burchill and K. Challis, “ Review of advance composite structure for Naval ships and submarines ”, Elsevier, Composite Structure 53 (2001) 21-41, 2001.
20.     E. Bozhevolnaya, A. Lyckegaard and O.T. Thomsen, “Novel design of foam core junctions in sandwich panels”, Elsevier, Composites: Part B 39 (2008) 185–190.

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8.

Authors:

Kushal M. L, V. Venkateswarlu

Paper Title:

Design and Implementation of Phase Modulation Using PLL for Polar Transmitter

Abstract: In this paper the phase modulation of polar transmitter has been implemented. The circuit for implementing phase modulation consists of Phase Lock Loop (PLL), Sigma Delta Modulator (SDM) and differentiator. The input signal is applied at the differentiator which will convert phase component to the frequency of the signal. The obtained frequency signal is given to the SDM which will convert the analog signal to the digital signals. The SDM should have four bits of resolution, equivalently 36 dB signal-to-noise-and-distortion-ratio (SNDR) for a 200 kHz bandwidth. For supply voltages from 2.5 V to 3 V, the current supply is desired to be less than 20 mA. The PLL consists of the reference signal of 125MHz, and output voltage around 2-3GHz with the VCO gain of 0.277GHz/V. The circuit of PLL, SDM and differentiator are implemented on the Cadence Virtuoso platform.

Keywords: Polar transmitter, phase modulation, Phase lock loop, Sigma delta modulator, differentiator.

References:
1.        John Groe., “Polar Transmitters for Wireless Communications,” IEEE Communications, pp. 58-63, Sept. 2007.
2.        G. Brenna et al., “A 2-GHz Carrier Leakage Calibrated Direct-Conversion WCDMA, 2002.
3.        Transmitter in 0.13-mm CMOS,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, pp. 1253–62, Aug. 2004,
4.        T. Sowlati et al., “Quad-band GSM/GPRS/EDGE Polar Loop Transmitter,” IEEE J. Solid State Circuits, pp. 2179–89, Dec. 2004.
5.        S Cripps, “Advanced Techniques in RF Power Amplifier Design,” Norwell, MA: Artech House, 2002
6.        Michael Youssef, Alireza Zolfaghari, Behnam Mohammadi, Hooman Darabi and Asad A., “A Low-Power GSM/EDGE/WCDMS Polar Transmitter in 65-nm CMOS,” IEEE J. Solid State Circuits, pp. 3061-3074, Dec. 2011.
7.        T. A. D. Riley, M.A. Copeland. and T. A. Kwasniewski, “Delta-Sigma modulation in fractional frequency synthesis,” IEEE J. Solid State Circuits, vol. 28, no. 5, pp 553-559, May 1993.
8.        J.Groe, “Highly Linear Phase Modulation,” US patent 10/420,952.
9.        B.Razavi, “Monolithic Phase-Locked Loops and Clock-Recovery Circuits”, IEEE Press, 1996.
10.     J. Maneatis, “Self-Biased, High-Bandwidth, Low-Jitter 1-to-4096 Multiplier Clock Generator PLL”, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 38, no.11, pp. 1795-1803. Nov. 2003.
11.     F. Gardner, “Charge-pump phase-lock loops,” IEEE Trans. Communications., vol COM-28, no. 11, pp 1849-1858, Nov. 1980.
12.      “Gate-diffusion input (GDI)—A novel power efficient method for digital circuits: A design methodology,” presented at the 14th Int. ASIC/SOC Conf., Washington, DC, Sept. 2001.
13.     Arkadiy Morgenshtein, Alexander Fish, and Israel A. Wagner., “Gate-Diffusion Input (GDI): A Power-Efficient Method for Digital Combinatorial Circuits,” IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) systems, vol. 10, no. 5,pp. 566-581 October 2002.
14.     Chang, B., Park, J., & Kim, W. “A 1.2 GHz CMOS dual modulus prescaler using new dynamic D-type flip-flop”, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol 31(5), pp. 749–752, 1996
15.     Larsson, P., “High-speed architecture for a programmable frequency divider and a dual-modulus prescaler”, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 31(5), pp.744–748, 1996
16.     Yang, C.-Y., Dehng, G.-K., Hsu, J.-M., & Liu, S.-I, “New dynamic flip-flops for high-speed dual-modulus prescaler”, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 33(10), pp. 1568–1571, 1998.
17.     Chi, B., & Shi, B., “New implementation of phases witching technique and its applications to GHz dual-modulus prescaler”, IEE Proceedings of the Circuits Devices and Systems, vol. 150(5), pp. 429–433, 2003
18.     Yang, D.-J., & Kenneth, K. O., “A 14-GHz 256/257 dual modulus prescaler with secondary feedback and its application to a monolithic CMOS 10.4-GHz phase-locked loop”, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 52(2), pp. 461–468, 2004.
19.     Perrott, M. H., Tewksbury III, T. L., & Sodini, C. G. “A 27-mW CMOS fractional-N synthesizer using digital compensation for a 2.5-Mb/s GFSK modulation”, IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, vol. 32(12), pp. 2048–2060, 1997
20.     Zarei, H., Shoei, O., Fakhrai, S. M., & Zakeri, M. M., “A 1.4 GHz/2.7 V programmable frequency divider for DRRS standard in 0.6lm CMOS process”, IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems, 2000
21.     Rogenmoser, R. & Huang, Q., “An 800-MHz 1-lm CMOS pipelined 8-b adder using true single-phase clock logic-flip-flops”, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 31(3), pp. 401–409, 1996.
22.     Gu R. X., Sharaf, K. M., & Elmasry, M. I., “High-performance digital VLSI circuit design”, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996.
23.     IssacHsu, and Howard C. Luong. “A 70-MHz Continuous-time CMOS Band-pass ΣΔ Modulator for GSM Receivers” ISCAS 2000 – IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems,Geneva, Switzerland,volume 3, page(s): 750-753,  May 28-31, 2000.
24.     Jesus Arias, Peter Kiss, Vladimir Prodanov, Vito Boccuzzi, MihaiBanu, David Bisbal, Jacinto San Pablo, Luis Quintanilla, and Juan Barbolla, “32-mW 320-MHz Continuous-Time Complex Delta-Sigma ADC for Multi-Mode Wireless-LAN Receivers, ” IEEE Journal of solid-state circuits, Volume 41, no. 2, page(s): 339-351, February 2006.
25.     Kuskie C., Zhang B., Schreier R., “A decimation filter architecture for GHz delta-sigma modulators,” IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 1995. Volume 2, pages(s):953 – 956, 28 April-3 May 1995.
26.     C.S. Kim, Y.H. Kim, S.B. Park, “New CMOS Linear Transconductor,” Electronics Letters, Vol.28 No.21, October 1992.
27.     J.E.Kardontchik, “Introduction to the design of Transconductor-Capacitor Filters”, KWP, 1992.
28.     Debasis Parida , “A Novel High Speed CMOS Comparator With Low Power Disipation And Low Offset”, Department Of Electronics & Communication Engineering  National Institute Of Technology Rourkela ,2010.
29.     Sokolovic M., Jovanovic B., Damnjanovic M., “Decimation filter design,” 24th International Conference on Microelectronics, Volume 2, pp.601 – 604, 16-19 May 2004.
30.     Saramaki T., “A systematic technique for designing highly selective multiplierfree FIR filters,” IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Volume 1, Page(s):484 – 487 ,11-14June 1991.
31.     YonghongGao, LihongJia, Tenhunen, H., “A fifth-order comb decimation filter for multi-standard transceiver applications,”IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. ISCAS 2000 Geneva. Volume 3, Page(s):89 – 92 , 28-31 May 2000 .

35-41

9.

Authors:

G. Anuradha

Paper Title:

Self Automated Tool in Vehicular System That Identifies the Air Pollution and the Future of E-Governs

Abstract: Air pollution is a major issue that we face today. Pollution zone in during earlier century was low but keeps growing towards the current. Studies revealed the fact the concentration in organic and inorganic toxic elements keeps growing depending upon the region and vehicle type. There is a growing demand for the environmental pollution monitoring and control systems. Gas sensors help to detect gas molecules and the concentration of the gas analytical methods of identifying the gases has greater disadvantage than with fairly accurate and selective gas reading.

Keywords: Embedded control, Monitoring system, Remote monitoring, sensor.

References:
1.        “The use of electrochemical sensors for monitoring urban air quality in low-cost, high-density networks”, M. I. Mead1*, O.A.M. Popoola1, G. B. Stewart1, P. Landshoff3, M. Calleja2, M. Hayes2, J. J. Baldovi1, T.F.Hodgson1, M. W. McLeod1, J. Dicks4, A. Lewis4, J. Cohen5, R. Baron6, J. R. Saffell6, and R. L. Jones1*.
2.        “A study on air pollution by automobiles in Bangalore city”, Mahadevappa harish, iisc, management research and practice Vol.4 Issue 3(2012) PP: 25-36.
3.        “A mobile GPRS-sensors Array for Air pollution monitoring”, Imran Zualkernan, Fadi Aloul, IEEE sensors Journal, Vol.10, No.10, October 2010.
4.        “Pollution Monitoring system using wireless sensor network in Visakhapatnam”, P.Vijnatha Raju, RVRS.Aravind, B.Sangeeth Kumar, IJETT, Volume4Issue4-April2013.
5.        “Smart sensor networks: Technologies and application for green growth”, OECD, 2009.
6.        “Automated control system for air pollution detection in vehicles”, chandrasekaran, sudharshan muthukumar, sabeshkumar rajendran, 2013 4th International conference on intelligent systems, modeling and simulation.
7.        “Implementation of web server using ARM for intelligent monitoring”, pratik padia, R.Manohari, Sandeep Kethi redid, ASAR International Conference, ISBN:978-81-927147-0-7.

42-44

S. No

Volume-2 Issue-3, February 2014, ISSN: 2319-9598 (Online)
Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Pvt. Ltd. 

Page No.

1.

Authors:

H. Y. Kaundanyapure, P. J. Salunke, N. G. Gore

Paper Title:

Implementation of Mesh free Technique for Beams on Elastic Foundation

Abstract: The present studies emphasis the analysis of beam for elastic foundation using the Element Free Galerkine Method (EFGM).   The attempt was made to provide a simple model for beams on elastic foundation using Mesh Free Technique, called as Element Free Galerkine Method which does not rely on the mesh.  The EFGM presented in the study employs generalized Method of Least Square (MLS), which is used to construct shape function based on the set of nodes. The Discrete system equation are derived from the variation form of system equation.  A FORTRAN and MATLAB program is developed and numerical example of finite and infinite beams on elastic foundation are presented.  Numerical examples are provided to study the convergence and the efficiency of the method.

Keywords: Elastic foundation, Element Free Galerkine Method (EFGM), beams on elastic foundation, Mesh Free Technique and Method of Least Square interpolation.

References:
1.        B. Nyroles, G. Touzot and P. Villion, “Generalizing the finite element method: diffuse approximation and diffuse elements,” Computational Mechanics, vol. 10, pp. 307-318, 1992.
2.        T. Belytschko, Y. Y. Lu and L. Gu, “Element-free Galerkin Methods,” International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering (IJNME), vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 229-256, 1994
3.        J. S. Chen, C. T. Wu, S. Yoon and Y. You, “A stabilized conforming nodal integration for Galerkin mesh-free methods,” International Journal For Numerical Methods In Engineering, vol. 50, pp. 435-466, 2001.
4.        N. V. Sunitha, G. R. Dodagoudar and B. N. Rao, “Element free Galerkin method for beams on elastic foundation,” Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 34, No. 5, pp. 181-188, 2008.
5.        W. Zhang, M. Xia and L. Liu, “Meshfree radial point interpolation method and its application for two-dimensional elastic problem,” 3rd International Conference on Innovative Computing Information and Control, pp. 406-408, 2008.
6.        G. R. Liu and X. L. Chen, “A mesh-free method for static and free vibration analyses of thin plates of complicated shape,” Journal of Sound and vibration, vol. 241, No. 5, pp. 839-855, 2001.
7.        S. Fernandez-Mendez, A. Huerta, “Imposing essential boundary conditions in mesh-free methods,” Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., vol. 193, pp. 1257–1275, 2004.
8.        S. M. Binesh, N. Hataf and A. Ghahramani, “Elasto-plastic analysis of reinforced soils using mesh-free method,” Applied Mathematics and Computation, vol. 215, pp. 4406–4421, 2010. 
9.        M. Hetenyi, Beams on Elastic Foundation, The University of Michigan Press, Michigan, 1958.
10.     G. R. Liu and Y. T. Gu, An Introduction to Meshfree Methods and Their Programming, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 2005.

1-4

2.

Authors:

S. Vinay Kumar, K. Sudhakar, L. Sudha Rani

Paper Title:

Emerging Technology Li-Fi over Wi-Fi

Abstract: Now a day’s Wi-Fi is the most used technology by everyone, but there is an emerging technology Li-Fi, or light fidelity, refers to visible light communication systems using light from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as a medium to deliver networked, mobile, high-speed communication in a similar manner as Wi-Fi. Li-Fi can be used to off-load data from existing Wi-Fi networks to provide capacity for the greater downlink demand as complementary to the existing wireless or wired network infrastructure. Li-Fi could lead to the Internet of Things, which is everything electronic being connected to the internet, with the LED lights on the electronics being used as internet access points.The Li-Fi market is projected to have a compound annual growth rate of 82% from 2013 to 2018 and to be worth over $6 billion per year by 2018. Visible light communications (VLC) signals work by switching bulbs on and off within nanoseconds, which is too quickly to be noticed by the human eye. Although Li-Fi bulbs would have to be kept on to transmit data, the bulbs could be dimmed to the point that they were not visible to humans and yet still functional. The light waves cannot penetrate walls which makes a much shorter range, though more secure from hacking, relative to Wi-Fi. Direct line of sight isn’t necessary for Li-Fi to transmit signal and light reflected off of the walls can achieve 70 Mbps. History: Professor Herald Haas, from the University of Edinburgh in the UK, is widely recognized as the original founder of Li-Fi. He coined the term Li-Fi and is Chair of Mobile Communications at the University of Edinburgh and co-founder of pure LiFi. VLC technology was exhibited in 2012 using Li-Fi. By August 2013, data rates of over 1.6 Gbps were demonstrated over a single color LED. In September 2013, a press release said that Li-Fi, or VLC systems in general, do not require line-of-sight conditions. In October 2013, it was reported Chinese manufacturers were working on Li-Fi development kits.

Keywords: VLC(Visible Light Communication) LED(Light Emitting Diode), Li-Fi(Light Fidelity).

References:
1.        www.LUXIM.com
2.        Gordon Povey, ‘Li-Fi Consortium’, dated 19    October 2011.
3.        WilliamConnell, http://www.servondesign.co.uk/thoughts/li-fi-internetconnection-using-light-source,Oct 26,2011
4.        Visible-light communication: Tripping the light fantastic: A fast and cheap optical version of Wi-Fi is coming’, The Economist, dated 28 Jan 2012.
5.        http://heightech.blogspot.in/2012/10/lifi-latest-technology-inwireless.html, October 2012.
6.        ‘Li-Fi: Data through Light’, The Institute of Engineers, Technorama Magazine, Volume 62, pp. 41, December 2012.
7.        http://www.ispreview.co.uk/index.php/2013/01/tiny-led-lights-set-todeliver-wifi-style-internet-communications.html, January 2013.
8.        http://technoassert.com/2013/01/30/light-fidelity-li-fi-future-ofcommunication, 30 January 2013
9.        en.wikipedia.org/wiki/visible_light_communication Seminarprojects.com/s/seminar-report-on-lifi
10.     Ian Lim, ‘Li-Fi – Internet at the Speed of Light’, the gadgeteer, 29 August 2011.
11.     http://computerinformationsite.com/2011/09/07/networking-throughlights-optical-data-transfer- using- li-fi, 7 September 2011.

5-6

3.

Authors:

Ram Subbiah, P. Karthick, R. Manjunath, T. Prasanth, R. Ilavarasan, R. Rajavel

Paper Title:

Experimental Investigation on Hardness of Gas Implanted AISI 316LN Austenitic Stainless Steel

Abstract: The superiority of austenitic stainless steels lies in its good weldability and great resistance to stress corrosion and pitting, because of its higher chromium, molybdenum and nitrogen contents, when compared to general stainless steels. However, some of its applications are limited by very poor wear behavior, Gas nitriding is a very effective treatment for producing wear resistant and hard surface layers on the stainless steels without compromising the corrosion resistance. In this work, AISI 316LN stainless steels samples were gas nitrided at three different timing parameters 8 hrs, 40 hrs and 72hrs under a pressure of 500Pa, in order to verify the influence of temperature on the morphology, wear of the modified surface layers. The gas nitrided samples were analyzed by means of various metallographic tests like Optical microscope, X-Ray diffraction. Wear tests were conducted on a pin on disc machine. For the samples which was nitrided, chromium nitrides were formed on the surface of the layers.

Keywords: Wear behavior, wear resistance, gas nitriding, metallography.

References:
1.        A.Cohen, A.Rosen (1996), ‘The influence of the nitriding process on dry wear resistance of stainless steel’, Wear, Vol.108, pp.157-163.
2.        A.D.Sarkar (1980), ‘Friction and wear test’, Ist edition, London Academic press.
3.        A.Fossati, F.Borgioli, E.Galvanetto, T.Bacci (2006), ‘Glow discharge nitriding of AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel with influence of treatment time’, Surface Coatings and Technology, Vol.200, pp.3511-3517.
4.        A.Gajek, Z.Wolarek, T.Zakroczymski (2012), ‘Behaviour of hydrogen in gas nitrided iron studied by electrochemical permeatin and desorption techniques’, Corrosion Science, Vol.58, pp.260-266.
5.        A.Krella, A.Czyzniewski (2009), ‘Cavitation resistance of Cr-N coatings deposited on austenitic stainless steel at various temperatures’, Wear, Vol.266, pp.800-809.
6.        A.Ramchandani, J.K.Dennis (1988), ‘Nitriding of austenitic stainless steel’, Heat treatment of metals, Vol.2, pp.34-38.
7.        A.Recco, C.Diona, Lopez, A.Bevilacqua, Felipa De Silva, A.P.Tschiptschin (2007), ‘Improvement of the slurry erosion resistance of an austenitic stainless steel with combinations of surface treatments’, Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol.202, pp.993-997.
8.        A.Reinhard (2003), ‘Technology of the metal trade’, Wiley Eastern Ltd, New Delhi.
9.        ASM Metals Handbook, 2004, Vol.9, ‘Metallography and Microstructures’.
10.     ASM Metals Handbook, 1992, Vol.18, ‘Friction, Lubrication and Wear Technology’.

7-9

S. No

Volume-2 Issue-5, April 2014, ISSN: 2319-9598 (Online)
Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Pvt. Ltd. 

Page No.

1.

Authors:

Vamsi Krishna Pelluru

Paper Title:

Application Detection System

Abstract: Across the Globe companies are finding ways to maximize their productivity with infrastructure and Resources, Application Detection system helps companies achieve it, it also helps administrators in identifying which are the applications that are more commonly used across the corporate, those applications can be blocked to use from the networks, Most of the employees spent considerable time in office on Browsing Social Networking sites eg; Face Book, Orkut, LinkedIn etc, Application Detection system helps administrators in identifying the Source machines from which these requests arise, it generates the logs with the source machine IP, Application name , its pattern etc, based on the pattern the corresponding signature will be triggered and it will either block or allow the application based  on the configuration provided to it.

Keywords: Application detection System, Signatures.

References:
1.        http://www.pcworld.com/article/249137/what_is_deep_packet_inspection_.html
2.        http://www.deeppacketinspection.ca/

1-3

2.

Authors:

Vivek Hanumante, Rubi Debnath, Disha Bhattacharjee, Deepti Tripathi, Sahadev Roy

Paper Title:

English Text to Multilingual Speech Translator Using Android

Abstract: This paper aims at providing design and development solution of an Android application whose objective is to provide a solution to overcome the barrier of languages by implementing text to speech conversion in different languages. The Android application developed text to speech conversion to facilitate the translation of English language text into speech output in different languages. We have also proposed few improvements which can further advance this system to include more target audiences so as to make it more beneficial and useful. The proposed English Text to Multilingual Speech Translator using Android (T2MSTA) aims at providing assistance to the people lacking the power of speech or non-native speakers like people who do not share a common language.

Keywords: Android, T2MSTA, Text to Speech conversion, Intent, MATLAB.

References:
1.        El-Imam, Y.A.; Banat, K., “Text-to-speech conversion on a personal computer,” Micro, IEEE , vol.10, no.4, pp.62,74, Aug. 1990
2.        O’Malley, M.H., “Text-to-speech conversion technology,” Computer, vol.23, no.8, pp.17-23, Aug. 1990.
3.        Santos, J.; Nombela, J., “Text-to-speech conversion in Spanish a complete rule-based synthesis system,” Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, IEEE International Conference on ICASSP ’82. , vol.7, no., pp.1593-1596, May 1982.
4.        Sadeque, F.Y.; Yasar, S.; Islam, M.M., “Bangla text to speech conversion: A syllabic unit selection approach,” International Conference on Informatics, Electronics & Vision (ICIEV), 2013, pp.1-6, 17-18 May 2013.
5.        Bothe, K.; Joachim, S., “Interactive tool-based production of multilingual teaching and learning materials,” Fifth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, ICALT, pp.516,518, 5-8 July 2005.
6.        Nowak, G.; Grabowski, S.; Draus, C.; Zarebski, D.; Bieniecki, W., “Designing a computer-assisted translation system for multi-lingual catalogue and advertising brochure translations,” Proceedings of VIth International Conference on Perspective Technologies and Methods in MEMS Design (MEMSTECH), pp.175,180, 20-23 April 2010.
7.        Linsi Xia; Yamashita, N.; Ishida, Toru, “Analysis on Multilingual Discussion for Wikipedia Translation,” Second International Conference on Culture and Computing (Culture Computing), pp.104, 109, 20-22 Oct. 2011.
8.        Yuqing Gao; Bowen Zhou; Liang Gu; Sarikaya, R.; Hong-Kwang Kuo; Rosti, A.-V.I.; Afify, M.; Weiihong Zhu, “IBM Mastor: Multilingual Automatic Speech-To-Speech Translator,” ICASSP 2006 Proceedings. 2006 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 2006. , vol.5, 14-19 May 2006.
9.        Liang Gu; Yuqing Gao; Liu, F.-H.; Picheny, Michael, “Concept-based speech-to-speech translation using maximum entropy models for statistical natural concept generation,” Processing, IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language , vol.14, no.2, pp.377-392, March 2006.
10.     Evandro Franzen1 and Dante Augusto Couto Barone, “Automatic Discovery of Brazilian Portuguese Letter to Phoneme Conversion Rules through Genetic Programming”, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 62–65, 2003.
11.     Hertz, S.R., “English text to speech conversion with delta,” Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, IEEE International Conference on ICASSP ’86. , vol.11, pp.2427, 2430, Apr 1986.
12.     MATLAB and Simulink Release 2013a, The MathWorks, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts, United States, 2013.

4-9

3.

Authors:

Manmohan Soni, Sankalp Verma

Paper Title:

Thermal Analysis of Blast Furnace Cooling Stave Using CFD

Abstract: Blast furnace Cooling Systems have been developing since 1884. Earlier (till 1920’s) the cooling was applied only to hearth and bosh areas. By 1930’s and 1940’s, cooling was also applied to the shaft. Simultaneously, external cooling methods like shower and jacket cooling of the furnace shell were tried. This method relied on extracting the heat through the furnace shell to the cooling medium, generating high thermal stresses during the heat transfer and hence jeopardizing the integrity of the shell. The main purpose of cooling system is to enhance the furnace campaign life. If heat transfer, thermal stress and furnace campaign life all such parameters should not be analyzed it may lead to catastic failure of Blast furnace.  This Paper deals with the computational analysis of three-dimensional model of blast furnace stave, using FEV tool ANSYS FLUENT. Where the inner wall are heated up linearly, due to molten metal inside the furnace and the outer wall is been exposed to ambient condition with the maximum temperature TH and the minimum temperature with Tc The present computational investigation deals with Heat transfer analysis in blast furnace cooling stave and the parametric analysis such as the cooling channel inter-distance and diameter, coating layer on the external surface, cooling water velocity, etc is been done and the effect of them in heat transfer of stave or stave performance is been justified. The temperature distribution and flow pattern across the cavities were visualized. The FEV results are validated with well published results in literature and furthermore with experimentation. Results are first presented in the form of streamlines, isotherm contours, thermal stress, and Temperature difference.

Keywords: Blast Furnace Stave, CFD, Heat Transfer.

References:
1.        “Global Formulation”Blast Furnace Phenomena and Modelling 1987, pp 97-296 ISBN 978-94-010-8035-4, Springer
2.        H. Takano, Y. Kitauchi and H. Hiura,  “Design for the 145-MW Blast Furnace Gas Firing Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Plant” J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 111(2), 218-224 (Apr 01, 1989) (7 pages)
3.        Tasuku Senbon, Futoshi Hanabuchi, “Instrumentation to Manufacturing Industries (Application II)” Instrumentation Systems, 1991, pp 603-775 Print ISBN 978-3-662-12091-0, Springer Netherlands
4.        Steven Vernengo, Rade Milanovic, Chenn Q. Zhou, Pinakin Chaubal and D. Huang, “Computations of Liquid Flow and Heat Transfer in the Hearth of a Blast Furnace”, ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition Heat Transfer, Volume 1Washington, DC, USA, November 15–21, 2003
5.        E. A. Elsaadawy and W.-K. Lu, “Effect of the Coke-Free Layer Height on the Wear of the Bottom Wall of a Blast Furnace Hearth” ASME 2005 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting Volume 2: For a Houston, Texas, USA, June 19–23, 2005
6.        CHENG Su-sen, QIAN Liang, ZHAO Hong-bo,  “Monitoring Method for Blast Furnace Wall With Copper Staves” , Journal of Iron and Steel Research, International, Volume 14, Issue 4, July 2007, Pages 1-5
7.        Lijun Wu, Weiguo Zhou, Huier Cheng, Yunlong Su, Xiaojing Li, “ The study of structure optimization of blast furnace cast steel cooling stave based on heat transfer analysis”, Applied Mathematical Modelling, Volume 31, Issue 7, July 2007, Pages 1249-1262
8.        Lijun Wu, Xun Xu, Weiguo Zhou, Yunlong Su, Xiaojing Li, “Heat transfer analysis of blast furnace stave” , International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Volume 51, Issues 11–12, June 2008, Pages 2824-2833
9.        Xiao-jun Ning, Shu-sen Cheng, Ning-qiang Xie, “Analysis of temperature, stress, and displacement distributions of staves for a blast furnace”, International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, Volume 16, Issue 5, October 2009, Pages 512-516
10.     Lijun Wu, Zu’an Lu, Guoping Sun, Jing Li, “Study on intelligent monitoring methodology based on the mathematical model of heat transfer for blast furnace stave”, Applied Mathematical Modelling, Volume 34, Issue 8, August 2010, Pages 2129-2135
11.     Tong WU, Su-sen CHENG, “Model of Forming-Accretion on Blast Furnace Copper Stave and Industrial Application”,Journal of Iron and Steel Research, International, Volume 19, Issue 7, July 2012, Pages 1-5)A. Bonnaccorsi, “On the Relationship between Firm Size and Export Intensity,” Journal of International Business Studies, XXIII (4), pp. 605-635, 1992. (journal style)

10-16

4.

Authors:

Kriti Bhargava, Nisheeth Saxena

Paper Title:

Membrane Computing and Its Applications

Abstract: There are two types of computing; one is conventional and another is unconventional. Turing machine is a hypothetical device and a conventional model, model of computation; it is not a random access machine, so to simulate current day’s basis systems; in a exact manner register machine had been defined, so they are conventional model of computing. Paradigms like DNA computing, Quantum computing, Membrane Computing, they are model of unconventional computing. These have comes an existence in their resent times and we have found a certain problems can tackle in a very efficient manner using this. The practical use of this is still a question and it’s being exploded. Membrane computing which biologically inspired and mathematically motivated. Membrane structure is an essential ingredient of a membrane computing, having hierarchical arrangement of membranes, like a cell or tree. This mainly deals with distributed and parallel computing models. Parallelism is restricted in classical computers bounded by ‘n’ (16/64) number of processors. But when size of problems increases, then the number of processors can’t increases. Unbounded parallelism is exists in DNA, Membrane computing. Because of unbounded parallelism, you can have DNA strands and they can exist within one cubic centimeter of a solution; millions of DNA strands can exists. Because of that the action state place parallel and you can have a number of operations performed simultaneously. The basic features are evolution rules and evolving objects encapsulated in compartments of membranes. These evolution rules are applied on multisets. It is a framework to reflecting a limb of a system model. Inspiration of membrane computing is the process which takes place in a cell, the reaction which develops in cell region. The processing of substances, energy and information in these regions, through the membranes which delimit them are computational processes. We try to simulate these processes and see that anything we can define in a formal manner using this model of computation. In this paper, briefly discuss about membrane computing applications like global clock, L system, solving optimization problems, solving SAT, HPP etc.

Keywords: Membrane Computing, P system, HPP, SAT, L system.

References:
1.        Gheorghe Păun. “Introduction to membrane computing.”  Applications of Membrane Computing. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. 1-42.
2.        Eberhart RC and Kennedy J, “A new optimizer using particle swarm theory,” in Proceedings of the sixth international symposium on micro machine and human science, 1995, p. 39-43.
3.        Yang Sun, Lingbo Zhang, and Xingsheng Gu. “Membrane computing based particle swarm optimization algorithm and its application.” Bio-Inspired Computing: Theories and Applications (BIC-TA), 2010 IEEE Fifth International Conference on. IEEE, 2010.
4.        Jin-Hui Zhao, Ning Wang, and Ping Zhou. “Multiobjective bio-inspired algorithm based on membrane computing.” Computer Science and Information Processing (CSIP), 2012 International Conference on. IEEE, 2012.
5.        Gheorghe Marian and Florentin Ipate. “A Kernel P Systems Survey.”Membrane Computing. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. 1-9.
6.        Ana Pavel, Octavian Arsene, Catalin Buiu, “Enzymatic numerical P systems-a new class of membrane computing systems.” Bio-Inspired Computing: Theories and Applications (BIC-TA), Fifth International Conference on. IEEE, 2010.
7.        Vincenzo Manca and Luca Bianco. “Biological networks in metabolic P systems.” BioSystems 91.3 (2008): 489-498.
8.        Francesco Bernardini and Marian Gheorghe. “Population P Systems.” J. UCS10.5 (2004): 509-539.
9.        Zhengwei Qi, Jinyuan You, Hongyan Mao, “P systems and Petri nets.” International Workshop, WMC 2003, Tarragona, Spain, July, 2003.
10.     Gheorghe Păun, “Computing with Membranes”,  Journal of Computer and System Sciences, volume 61, issue 1, (Science Direct), August 2000.(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022000099916938).
11.     Gheorghe Paun, “Membrane computing [and graph transformation].” Electronic Communications of the EASST 6 (2007).
12.     Kamala Krithivasan. Introduction to formal languages, automata theory and computation. Pearson Education India, 2009.
13.     Jie Xue and Xiyu Liu. “Applied membrane computation in creative design.”Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD), 2012 IEEE 16th International Conference on. IEEE, 2012.
14.     Claudio Zandron, Claudio Ferretti, and Giancarlo Mauri. “Solving NP-complete problems using P systems with active membranes.” Unconventional Models of Computation, UMC’2K. Springer London, 2001. 289-301.(https://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/2292/3611/102paun.pdf?___&origin=publication_detail)
15.     Prusinkiewicz, Przemyslaw, and Aristid Lindenmayer. Graphical modeling using L-systems. Springer New York, 1990.(http://algorithmicbotany.org/papers/abop/abop-ch1.pdf)
16.     Gheorghe Păun and Mario J. Pérez-Jiménez. “Membrane computing: Brief introduction, recent results and applications.” BioSystems, vol 85, issue 1, july 2006.
17.     (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303264706000219).

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S. No

Volume-2 Issue-8, July 2014, ISSN: 2319-9598 (Online)
Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Pvt. Ltd. 

Page No.

1.

Authors:

Allanki Sanyasi Rao, S. Srinivas

Paper Title:

A New BER and SNR Calculations for MIMO

Abstract: Multiple Antenna Communication has become one of the major focuses in wireless communication research. MIMO Technology is used to enhance the system capacity. The effect of Fading and Interference can be combated to increase the capacity of a link. MIMO system uses Multiple Transmit and Multiple Receive antennas which exploit the multipath propagation in rich scattering environment. The matrix channel plays a pivotal role in the throughput of a MIMO link since the modulation, data rate, power allocation and antenna weights are dependent on the channel gain. Alternative in order to reduce the complexity of MIMO system, detection techniques are proposed but the complexity of algorithmic schemes are in higher than that of equalizer based techniques such as Zero Forcing (ZF), Minimum mean square Error Methods (MMSE) and Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC). In this paper BER analysis is presented using different equalizers and then optimum equalization method is suggested.

Keywords: Minimum mean square Error Methods (MMSE), Multiple Input Multiple Output Systems (MIMO), Rayleigh Channels, Bit Error Rate (BER), Zero Forcing (ZF), Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC), Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC), Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Fast Fading, Adaptive Equalization.

References:
1.        S.Nagarani, C.V.Seshiah, 2011. “An Efficient Space-Time Coding for Wireless Communication”. European Journal of Scientific Research Vol.52 No.2 pp.195-203.
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6.        Approximate Minimum BER Power Allocation for MIMO Spatial Multiplexing Systems Neng Wang and Steven D. Blostein, Senior Member, IEEE.

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