Volume-3 Issue-8

S. No

Volume-3 Issue-8, July 2015, ISSN: 2319-9598 (Online)
Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Pvt. Ltd. 

Page No.

1.

Authors:

Wasim Akram Mandal, Sahidul Islam

Paper Title:

Fuzzy Inventory Model for Power Demand Pattern with Shortages, Inflation under Permissible Delay in Payment

Abstract: In this paper fuzzy inventory model for non deteriorating item with power demand pattern, shortage under partially backlogged, inflation and consideration of permissible delay in payment is formulated and solved. Fuzziness is applying by allowing the cost components (holding cost, shortage cost, etc) and inflation. In fuzzy environment it considered all required parameter to be pentagonal fuzzy numbers. The purpose of the model is to minimize total cost function. 

Keywords: Inventory, Power demand, Fuzzy number, Shortages, Inflation, Pentagonal fuzzy number.

References:
1.        Bellman, R.E, And Zadeh (1970), Decision making in a fuzzy environment, Management Science 17, B141-B164
2.        Carlsson, c. And p. Korhonen (1986), A parametric approach to fuzzy linear programming, Fuzzy sets and systems, 17-30.
3.        CLARK, A.J, (1992), An informal survey of multy-echelon inventory theory, naval research logistics Quarterly 19, 621-650.
4.        Dutta, d.j.r. Rao, and r.n tiwary (1993), Effect of tolerance in fuzzy linear fractional programming, fuzzy sets and systems 55, 133-142.
5.        Hamacher, H.Leberling and H.J.Zimmermann (1978), Sensitivity Analysis in fuzzy linear Programming Fuzzy sets and systems 1, 269-281.
6.        Hadley, g. And t.m. White (1963), Analysis of inventory system, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
7.        Khun, h.w and a.w. Tucker (1951), Non-linear programming, proceeding second Berkeley symposium Mathematical and probability (ed) Nyman, J.University of California press 481-492.
8.        Raymond, F.E (1931), Quantity and Economic in manufacturing, Mcgraw-Hill, New York.
9.        Zadeh, L.A (1965), Fuzzy sets, Information and Control, 8, 338-353.
10.     Zimmermann, H.J.(1985),Application of fuzzy set theory to mathematical programming, Information Science, 36, 29-58.

1-7

2.

Authors:

Mrunal Pathak, N. Srinivasu

Paper Title:

Analysis of Multimodal Biometric System Based on Level of Fusion

Abstract: User authentication is essential to provide security that restricts access to system and data resources. Biometric system  refers to an recognition of legitimate user  based on a feature vector(s) derived from their distinguishing behavioral and/or physiological traits like face, finger, speech iris, gait, etc., Research on biometrics has distinctly increased  for solving identification and authentication issues in forensics, physical and computer security , custom and immigration, However, unimodal biometric system is not able to satisfy acceptability, speed, and reliability constraints of authentication in real applications due to noise in sensed data, spoof attacks, data quality, lack of distinctiveness, restricted degree of freedom, non-universality and other factors.  Therefore multimodal biometric systems are used to increase security as well as better performance. This paper presents overview of different multimodal biometric (multibiometric) systems and their fusion techniques with respective their performance.

Keywords: Biometrics, Unimodal, Multimodal, Fusion, Multibiometric Systems.

References:
1.        A.K.Jain, A.Ross S. Prabhakar: An Introduction to biometric recognition, IEEE Trans., Circit systems and Video Technol., 14(1)(2004),pp 4-20
2.        A.Ross, P.Flynn A.K.Jain : Handbook of Biometrics, New York, USA, Springer 2007
3.        Ross , K. Nandkumar, A. Jain : Handbook of Multibiometrics, Springer international edition.
4.        Mini Singh Ahuja, Sumit Chabbra: A survey of multimodal biometrics, International journal of computer science and its application, ISSN 2250-3765. pp 157-160
5.        P.S. Sanjekar, J.B. patil : An Overview of Multimodal Biometrics, Signal and Image processing: an international journal(SIPIJ), vol.4, no.1, Feb 2013.
6.        Ashish Mishra : Multimodal Biometrics it is: Need for Future Systems, International Journal of Computer Applications(0975-8887) vol 3,no.4, June 2010
7.        M. Golfarelli, D. Maio and D. maltoni : On the error-reject tradeoff in biometric erification systems, IEE Trans on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 19, no.7, pp 786-796, July 1997.
8.        Sharma ,R. Pavlovic, V. I. , Huang, T.S.: Towards multimodal Human computer interface. In Proceeding IEEE, 86(5),pp.853-860(1998).
9.        Ross , A. Jain : Information fusion in biometrics, Journal of pattern recognition letters, vol 24, no.13,pp. 2115-2125,Sep 2003.
10.     Pradeep Atrey, Anwar Houssain,Abdulmotaleb Saddik, Mohan kanakanhalli , Mutimodal fusion for multimedia analysis: A survey, Springer trans. multimedia systems (2010), 16: 345-379
11.     A. Ross., R. Govindrajan:  Feature level fusion  using hand and face biometrics, Proc SPIE, Vol. 5779.,pp 196-204, Mar2005.
12.     L. Hong, A.Jain : Integrating face and fingerprints for personal identification, IEEE Trans., Pattern Anal. Match. Intell, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 1295-1307, Dec 1998
13.     G. L. Marcialis, P. Mastinu and F. Roli:Serial fusion of multimodal biometric systems, in Proc BIOMS, Taranto, Italy, Spt. 2010, pp. 1-7
14.     K Woods, W P Kegelmeyer Jr, K Bowyer :Combination of Multiple Classifiers Using Local Accuracy Estimates, IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 19(4),405-410 (1997)
15.     Giorgio Giacinto , Fabio Roli ,Et Dynamic Classifier Selection based on Multiple Classifier Behaviour. Pattern recognition. 34((),179-181(2001)
16.     Aguilar, J.F., Garcia, J.O., Romero, D.G., Rodriguez, J.G.: A coparitive evaluation of fusion startegiesfor multimodal biometric verification. In International conference on video based biometric person authentication, pp., 830-837,Guildford(2003)

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3.

Authors:

S. Seenivasan, S. Singaravelu

Paper Title:

Transient Performance of a Multi-Terminal HVDC Transmission System Feeding Very Weak AC Networks

Abstract: This paper analyses transient performances of a line commutated converter (LCC)-multi-terminal HVDC transmission system (MTDC) feeding very weak AC networks with firefly algorithm based optimal proportional-integral (PI) controller for rectifiers and inverters control and hybrid reactive power compensators (RPC’s) at inverters AC side.  The hybrid compensator is attained by equally mixing the fixed capacitor (FC) with any one of the following compensators: synchronous compensator (SC); static var compensator (SVC); static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). The MTDC transmission system model is simulated using Matlab.  The transient performances of hybrid RPC’s (FC+SC, FC+SVC and FC+STATCOM) are investigated during various fault conditions and the results are compared with the performance of the SC, SVC and STATCOM to focus the supremacy of the hybrid compensators.  The simulation results authorize that the equal combination of FC and STATCOM has a steady and fastest response.  The outcomes also demonstrate the superiority of the firefly algorithm based optimal PI controller over the conventional PI controller.  The harmonic existing in the inverter AC side is also observed under steady state operation to assure the quality of power supply. 

Keywords: Firefly algorithm, Hybrid RPC, MTDC, PI controller, Very weak AC system.

References:
1.        S. Rüberg, A. L’Abbate, G. Fulli, A. Purvins, “Advanced Technologies for Future Transmission Grids-High-Voltage Direct-Current Transmission”, Power Systems, Springer London, 2013, pp. 157-2133.
2.        J. Reeve, “Multiterminal HVDC Power Systems”, IEEE Transaction on Power Apparatus and Systems, vo1. 99 (2), 1980, pp. 729–37.
3.        M. Callavik , M. Bahrman, P. Sandeberg, “Technology developments and plans to solve operational challenges facilitating the HVDC offshore grid”, Proceedings of Power Energy Society General Meeting, 2012, pp. 1-6.
4.        T. Sakurai, K. Goto, S. Irokawa, K. Imai, T. Sakai, “A New Control Method for Multi-terminal HVDC Transmission without Fast Communication Systems”, IEEE Transaction on Power Apparatus and Systems, vol. 102, 1983, pp. 1140–1150.
5.        A. Egea-Alvarez, J. Beerten, D. V. Hertem, O. G. Bellmunt, “Hierarchical power control of Multi-terminal HVDC grids” Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 121, 2015, pp. 207-215.
6.        V. K. Sood, “HVDC and FACTS Controllers, Applications of Static Converters in Power Systems”, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, MA, 2004.
7.        A. Gavrilovic, “AC/DC System Strength as Indicated by Short Circuit Ratios”, IEEE International Conference on AC-DC Power Transmission, 1991,  pp. 27-32.
8.        S. Rao, EHV-AC HVDC Transmission and Distribution Engineering,   Khanna publishers, New Delhi, India, 2003.
9.        O. B. Nayak, A.N. Gole, “Dynamic Performance of Static and Synchronous Compensators at an HVDC Inverter Bus in a Very Weak AC System”, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 9, no. 3, 1994, pp. 1350-1358.
10.     C. Weindl, G. Herold, D. Retzmann, H. A, Cardona, I. A. Isaac, G. J. Lopez, “Feasibility of HVDC for Very Weak AC Systems with SCR below 1.5” IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics and Motion Control, 2006,  pp. 1522- 1527.
11.     Y. Zhuang, R. W. Menzies, “Dynamic Performance of a STATCON at the HVDC Inverter Feeding a Very Weak AC System”, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 11, no. 2, 1996, pp. 958-964.
12.     S. Singaravelu, S. Seenivasan, “Simulation Study of a Monopole HVDC Transmission System Feeding a Very Weak AC Network with Firefly Algorithm Based Optimal PI Controller”, International Journal of Innovative Science and Modern Engineering, vol. 2, no. 11, 2014, pp. 1-9.
13.     A. Routray, P. K. Dash, Sanjeev. K. Panda, “A Fuzzy Self-Tuning PI Controller for HVDC Links”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,        vol. 11, no. 5, 1996, pp. 699-679.
14.     P. K. Dash, A. Routary, S. Mishra, “A Neural Network based Feedback Linearising Controller for HVDC Links”, Electrical Power Systems Research, vol. 50, no. 2, 1999, pp. 125-132.
15.     N. Bawane, A. G. Kothari, D. P. Kothari, “ANFIS Based HVDC Control and Fault Identification of HVDC converter”, HAIT Journal of Science and Engineering, vol. 2, no. 5-6, 2005, pp. 673-689.
16.     X. Zhou, C. Chen, Fan Yang, M. Chen, “Optimization Design of Proportional-Integral Controllers in High-voltage DC System Based on an Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm”, Electric Power Components and Systems, vol. 37, no. 1,  2009, pp. 78-90.
17.     S. Seenivasan, S. Singaravelu, “Modelling and Simulation of Multiterminal HVDC Transmission System Feeding Strong AC Networks with Firefly Algorithm based Optimal PI Controller”, Global Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, vol. 11, no. 2, 2015,            pp. 579-590.
18.     X. S. Yang, Engineering Optimization: An Introduction to Metaheuristic Applications, Wiley, 2010.
19.     X. S. Yang, “Firefly Algorithms for Multimodal Optimization”, Stochastic Algorithms: Foundations and Applications - Springer Berlin Heidelberg, vol. 579, 2009, pp. 169-178.
20.     X. S. Yang, X. He, “Firefly Algorithm: Recent Advances and Applications”, International Journal of Swarm Intelligence, vol. 1, 2013, pp. 36-50.
21.     X. S. Yang, Z. Cui, R. Xiao, A. H. Gandomi, M. Karamanoglu, “Swarm intelligence and bio-inspired computation: Theory and applications”, Amsterdam, Newnes, 2013.
22.     C. Dufour, J. Mahseredjian, J. Belanger, “A Combined State-Space Nodal Method for the Simulation of Power System Transients”, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 26,  no. 2, 2011, pp. 928-935.

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4.

Authors:

Dushyant Bansal

Paper Title:

Automated Measurement of Dielectric Constant at Microwave Frequencies

Abstract: Techniques based on the perturbation of cavity resonators are commonly used to measure the permittivity and loss tangent of samples of dielectric and ferrite materials at microwave frequencies. This paper presents an automated cavity perturbation technique at X-band using VNA and LabVIEW software. Being an automated procedure, the method is repeatable and avoids any uncertainties of manual measurements. The computer algorithm for automation of data acquisition and the overall experimental setup is presented. This paper overcome the assumptions error made in the theory of these techniques and provides estimates of the errors of measurement arising from them. And implement an empirical formula based on practical experiments to correct the relative difference.

Keywords: Cavity perturbation, Dielectric constant, loss tangent, LabVIEW.

References:
1.        Jyh Sheen, “Amendment of cavity perturbation technique for loss tangent measurement at microwave frequency“, Deptt of electronic engg., National Formosa University, (2007)
2.        Waldron, R. A., “Perturbation theory of resonant cavities,” Proc. IEE, Vol. 170C, 272–274, 1960.
3.        LabVIEW,  National Instruments, USA
4.        Harrington, R. F., Time-Harmonic Electromagnetic Fields, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1961.
5.        J.A. Clark and P.A. Mcintosh, ‘The application of labview for data acquisition at an accelerator laboratory’, DRAL Daresbury lab, Daresbury Warrington,U.K.
6.        A Kumar and S. Sharma, G Singh, “Measurement of dielectric constant and loss factor of the dielectric material at microwave frequency”, Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER 69, 47–54, 2007
7.        Martin Dressel, Olivier Klein, Steve Donovan, George Griiner, ‘Microwave cavity perturbation technique: Part iii: Applications’, International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, Vol. 14, No. 12, 1993

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5.

Authors:

Abdul-Wahid A. Saif, Abdallah AL-Shihri, Moustafa Elshafei

Paper Title:

Design of Robust Nonlinear Control for Nonlinear Networked Control Systems

Abstract: In this paper, the design of nonlinear observer-based dynamic controller for Nonlinear Networked Control Systems (NNCS) will be presented on the assumption that there exist packet loss between the sensor and the controller and between the controller and the actuator. The existence of the packet loss will be presented by different linear function of a stochastic variable satisfying a Bernoulli random binary distribution. The formulation of NNCS problem will be reduced to solving Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI). Finally, a simulation example will be presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed LMI approach.

Keywords: Nonlinear Control, Nonlinear Networked Control Systems, Robust Design, LMI, Communication Networks.

References:
1.        Rachana Ashok Gupta and Mo-Yuen Chow,(July 2010), "Networked Control System: Overview and Research Trends,",IEEE Transactions On Industrial Electronics,vol. 57, no. 7.
2.        Jian Guo Li, Jing Qi Yuan, Jun Guo Lu,(2010 )"Observer-based H1Control for Networked Nonlinear Systems with Random Packet Losses", ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd,No49,pp 39-46.
3.        ZidongWang,FuwenYang,DanielW.C.Ho and Xiaohui Liu,(August2007)" Robust H_∞Control for Networked Systems with Random Packet Losses",IEEE Transactions On System , Man,AndCybenetics,vol. 37, no. 4.
4.        S. Soucek and T. Sauter,(December 2004 ),“Quality of Service Concerns in IP-Based Control Systems”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 1249–1258.
5.        Matteo Trivellato and NevioBenvenuto, (February 2010 ),"State Control in Networked Control Systems under Packet Drops and Limited Transmission Bandwidth",IEEETransactions on Communications, vol. 58, no. 2 .
6.        D. Bertsekas,( 1995)," Dynamic Programming and Optimal Control." Belmont, MA: Athena Scientific.
7.        ZidongWang,FuwenYang,Daniel W.C. and Xiaohui Liu,(August 2007), "Robust H_∞Control for Netwroked Systems with Random Paket Losses", IEEE Transactions on Systems,Man, and CyberneticspartB, Vol 37, no 4.
8.        Wei Zhang,(August 2001),"Stability Analysis for Netwroked Control Systems",Ph.D. degree in the Department of Electric Engineering and Computer Science in Case Western of Reserve University.
9.        MinruiFei, Jun Yi, and Huosheng Hu,(April 2006),"Robust Stability Analysis of an Uncertain Nonlinear Networked Control System Category",International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 172-177.
10.     XiaoliLuan,Peng Shi and Fei Liu,(September 2011),"Stabilization of Networked Conotrol Systems with Random Delay",IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,vol. 58, no. 9.
11.     Wei Wang, and Huanshui Zhang,(July, 2012), "Optimal Filtering on Continuous-time systems with Markovian Communication Delays and packet dropouts",IEEE,Proceeding of the10th world Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation,Beijing China
.12.     Gilberto P. and Thomas Parisini,(2009),"Stabilization of NetwrokedCnotrol Systems by Nonlinear Model Predictive Control: ASet Invariance Approach",Springer-Verlag,in Nonlinear Model PrdectiveControl’LNCIS ,Berline,vo.384,pp195-204, ,.
13.     W. P. Maurice H. Heemels, Jamal Daafouz, and Gilles Millerioux,( September 2010)."Observer-Based Control of Discrete-Time LPV Systems With Uncertain Parameters",IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, Vol. 55, No. 9.
14.     R. Postoyan, N. van de Wouw, D. Ne’si´c and W.P.M.H.Heemels,(December , 2012 ),"Emulation-Based Tracking Solutionsfor Nonlinear Networked Control Systems",51st IEEE Conferenceon Decision and Control,Maui, Hawaii, USA,.
15.     B. Grandvallet, A. Zemouche , H. Souley-ali, and m. Boutayeb,(2013), "New LMI Condition For Observer-Based H_∞Stabilization Of a Class Of Nonlinear Discrete-Time Systems",Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,(SIAM ).J. Control Optima. Vo. 51, No. 1, pp. 784–800.
16.     S. Boyd, L. E. Ghaoui, E. Feron, and V. Balakrishnan,(1999) "Linear Matrix Inequalities in System and control Theory", Int. Robust Nonlinear Control, Vol. 09, No. 13, pp. 923-948.
17.     YodyiumTipsuwan, Mo-Yuen Chow ,(16 February 2003),"Control methodologies in networked control systems",AdvancedDiagnosisand Control Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University,Control Engineering Practice 11pp1099–1111.
18.     WU Chunxue,(2006),"Practical Models and Control Methods with Data Packets Loss on NCS", College of Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology. ,Shanghai 200093, P.R. China, ICWMMN2006 Proceedings. Jeffreys, H. and Jeffreys, B. S.( 1988) "The Lipschitz Condition." , Methods of Mathematical Physics, 3rd ed. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, p. 53.
19.     Chris Kellett,"Lyapunov Functions for Nonlinear DiscreteTimeSystems"The University of New Castle ,Australia, sp 1-19.

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6.

Authors:

Jaswant Singh

Paper Title:

Conversion of into Liquid Hydrocarbons

Abstract: Various methods of degradation of polymeric material polyolefin waste, polystyrene, waste wax, PVC, rubbers, PET bottles etc are reported in the literature. There are two types of catalytic degradation of plastics, one is liquid phase catalytic degradation and other method is where hydrocarbon vapours are passed over catalyst bed to decompose the long chain hydrocarbons into small ones. We have done both type of work but in the present paper catalytic plastic degradation was done in the liquid phase only. The purpose of our research was to catalytic degradation of waste plastics .We found that polyolefins gave the maximum yields of the fuel oil.  Aluminosilicates with different cations were used as catalysts and were activated before putting them in the reactor and then waste plastics was added. In some cases combination of the two or more catalysts was used for degradation of the plastics. In most of the cases the conversion of waste plastic to fuel oil remained between 95 – 100 %  ml liquid  / 100 gm of plastic waste. We carried out repeated experiments using the same quantity of waste plastic and the catalyst and found that similar quantities of the oil was obtained.  In case of waste plastic containing paper stickers and heated to 300 to 460oC, very low quantity of liquid oil collected which was blackish in colour .Non condensable gases were formed in good quantity. Black carbonaceous residue was also obtained. Carbonaceous residue was pressed into pellets The pellets when ignited by flame burned till completely turned into ash. Calorific value, ASTM Distillation and complete GC-MS analysis of liquid obtained from product carried out. We used the oil to run the scooter as well as house generator. No problem was arised in running both of them.

Keywords: Catalysts, liquid hydrocarbons, waste Plastics.

References:
1.        Source: Stastistics Of Foreign Trade Of India. March 2000 And 2001 DGFT, Government Of India
2.        Narayan,Priya, “Analyzing Plastic Waste Management In India : Case Study Of Polybags And Pet Bottles P 25 Published By IIIEE ,Lund University ,Sweden In 2001
3.        Jaswant S. Bhomrah & Balbir Bhomrah CAT TIT BITS, VOL XII, No.* August 1988
4.        Y. Sakata , T. Bhaskar, A Mutu, Md. Azhar Uddin 17th National Symposium on Catalysis Bhavnagar, P 26Dec,2006
5.        Dummersdorf et al US patent 5369947 Dec 6, 1994
6.        Paul R Stapp  Patent WO/1993/007105
7.        Point et al WO 01/18152 A1 15 March 2001
8.        Miller US Patent 6774272 B2  10 Aug 2004
9.        Zadgaonkar Application 103/MUM/2001 6 May 2005
10.     Axel de Broqueville P 5569801 29 Oct 1996
11.     Kwak US 6866830 B215 Mar 2005
12.     Adilen Stankevitch  US 2003/0047437A1 13 March 2003.
13.     Dinli Zhou, Li Xing US Patent 5,744,668 28 Apr 1998
14.     Stankevitch US 6,534,689 B1 Mar.18, 2003

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7.

Authors:

Amruta D. Aphale, P. M. Kamde

Paper Title:

Feature Extraction from Video for Cricket Highlight Generation

Abstract: The most rapidly increasing component in various sectors is Internet Technology. Where the information is being searched based on  images, texts, videos. There exists various methods to extract the required information from the raw data which is in the form of text and images. There are multiple information engines where a detailed information could be searched, one of popularly being used is  Goggle. However those uses text based retrieval techniques. Being a critical aspect of Information technology Video has become most synergistic channel of communication in day to day life. The steep volume of video makes it enormously hard to browse through and get the interned information. Its difficult to search a video without knowing the content. Performing manual analysis on the contents and then indexing the same is pretty time consuming task. The apparent alternative is to detect such events in the video automatically. The initial step in automating the system is event detection which breaks the massive volume of video into smaller chunks called shots. Our work aims in identifying such events. Although attempts have been made to detect shot boundaries having smooth transitions in between the results are not as successful as for detecting shots separated by hard cuts. Performing a detailed analysis on Video database is most complex task as it involves number of variables and having the analysis done on larger number of such requires larger amount of memory with huge computation power. A video database describes what actually happens in a video and its perception by a human which is termed as Semantic Information. These days we have number of national and international broadcasting news, sports channels, which continuously broadcasts the sport events happening around the globe. There are many of them who have got a special  devoted segment for sports. Even having these facilities one cannot remain stuck to watch the complete event due to certain time constraints. With this as an encouragement to find a technique that could provide desired results, this report discusses various algorithms and sketches out the main features that have been so far used for event detection. Here an systematic approach has been attempted to extract prominent  features and events in  Cricket sport videos. This system also classifies every event sequence into a concept by sequential association mining.

Keywords: Browsing, event detection, multimedia, retrieval, semantic gap, video database.

References:
1.        Mahesh Goyani, Shreyash Dutta, Gunvatsinh Gohil,Sapan Naik, wicket fall concept mining from cricket video using a-priori algorithm, The International Journal of Multimedia and Its Applications (IJMA) Vol.3, No.1, February 2011.
2.        P. B. Thawari and N. J. Janwe, CBIR Based On Color And Texture, International Journal of Information Technology and Knowledge Management , Volume 4, No. 1, pp. 129-132, January-June 2011
3.        H.B.Kekre, Dhirendra Mishra , DCT Sectorization for Feature Vector Generation in CBIR , International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 8887) Volume 9 No.1, November 2010
4.        Hu Min, Yang Shuangyuan, Overview of content-based image retrieval with highlevel semantics 2010 3rd International Conference on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering (ICACTE), 2010
5.        Maheshkumar H. Kolekar, Kannappan Palaniappan Semantic Concept Mining Based on Hierarchical Event Detection for Soccer Video Indexing, journal of multimedia,vol. 4, no. 5, October 2009.
6.        Xiaoyun Wang, Jianfeng Zhou An Improvement on the Model of Ontology-Based Semantic Similarity Computation, 2009 First International Workshop on Database Technology and Applications, 2009 IEEE, DOI 10.1109/DBTA.2009.
7.        N.Harikrishna, Sanjeev, Satheesh, S.Dinesh, Sriram, K. S. Easwarakumar, Content Based Image Retrieval using Dominant Color Identi_cation Based on Foreground Objects, IEEE transactions on multimedia, vol. 10, no. 3, April 2008.
8.        Changsheng Xu, Jinjun Wang, Hanqing Lu, Yifan Zhang, A Novel Framework for Semantic Annotation and Personalized Retrieval of Sports Video, IEEE transactions on multimedia, vol. 10, no. 3, April 2008.
9.        Yu Xiaohong and Xu Jinhua, The Related Techniques of Content-based Image Retrieval, 2008 International Symposium on Computer Science and Computational Technology,2008
10.     Dr. N. Krishnan, M. Sheerin Banu and C. Callins Christiyana, Content Based Image Retrieval using Dominant Color Identi_cation Based on Foreground Objects, International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Multimedia Applications, 2007 IEEE, DOI 10.1109 / ICCIMA.2007.64

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8.

Authors:

V. Harish, R. Srinivas Rao

Paper Title:

Simulation of SRF Control Based Shunt Active Power Filter and Application to BLDC Drive

Abstract: With the widespread use of harmonic generating devices, the control of harmonic currents to maintain a high level of power quality is becoming increasingly important. An effective way for harmonic suppression is the harmonic compensation by using active power filter. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of active power filter (APF) control strategies put forward recently. It is aimed at providing a broad perspective on the status of APF control methods to researchers and application engineers dealing with harmonic suppression issues. Many control techniques have been designed, developed, and realized for active filters in recent years. This paper presents different types of Synchronous reference frame methods for real time generation of compensating current for harmonic mitigation and reactive power compensation. All the techniques are analyzed mathematically and simulation results are obtained which are being compared in terms of its compensation performance with different parameters under steady state condition. The three techniques analyzed are the Synchronous Reference Frame Theory (SRF), SRF theory without synchronizing circuit like phase lock loop (PLL) also called instantaneous current component theory and finally modified SRF theory. Simulation results are obtained under sinusoidal balanced voltage source balanced load condition. The comparison and effectiveness of all the methods is based on the theoretical analysis and simulation results obtained with MATLAB employing a three phase three wire shunt active filter test system. Finally shunt active power filter is applied to BLDC drive application. THD plots with and without APF is presented.

Keywords: Component; Synchronous Reference Frame, instantaneous current component theory, Modified SRF, Active Filter, Harmonics. BLDC Drive.

References:
1.        EEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control of Electrical Power systems, IEEE Standards. 519-1992,1993.
2.        H.Akagi, “New trends in active filters for power conditioning,” IEEE Industry Applications., vol. 32, No-6, pp. 1312-1322, 1996.
3.        H. Akagi, Y. Kanazawa, and A. Nabae, "Generalized theory of the instantaneous reactive power in three-phase circuits," Proc. 1983.
4.        H. Akagi, Y. Kanazawa, and A. Nabae “Instantaneous reactive power compensators comprising switching devices without energy storage components,” IEEE Trans. Ind Appli.,Vol. IA-20, 1984.
5.        Bhattacharya, M. Divan, and B. Benejee, “Synchronous Reference Frame Harmonic Isolator Using Series Active Filter”, 4th European Power Electronic Conference, Florence, 1991, Vol. 3, pp. 30-35.
6.        M.J. Newman, D.N.Zmood, D.G.Holmes, “Stationary frame harmonic reference generation for active filter systems”, IEEE Trans. on Ind. App., Vol. 38, No. 6, pp. 1591 – 1599, 2002.
7.        V.Soares,P.Verdelho,G.D.Marques,“ An instantaneous active reactive current component method for active filters” IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. 15, no. 4, July- 2000, pp. 660–669.
8.        G.D.Marques, V.Fernao Pires, Mariusz Mlinowski, and Marian Kazmierkowski, “An improved synchronous Reference Method for active filters,” the International conference on computer as a tool, EUROCON 2007, Warsaw, September - 2007, pp. 2564-2569.
9.        V. Soares, P.Verdelho, G. D. Marques, “Active Power Filter Control Circuit Based on the Instantaneous Active and reactive Current id-iq Method” Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Pesc’97 St. Louis, Missouri, June 22-27, 1997, pp- 1096-1101.
10.     P. Verdelho, G. D. Marques, “An Active Power Filter and Unbalanced Current Compensator” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 44, Nº3 June 1997, pp 321-328.
11.     A.Cavallani and G.C.Montarani,“ Compensation strategies for shunt active-filter control,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 9, no. 6, Nov. 1994, pp. 587–593.
12.     B.Singh, K.Al-Haddad and Chandra Ambrish ," Harmonic elimination, reactive power compensation and load balancing in three phase, four wire electric distribution system supplying nonlinear loads", Electric Power System Research, Vo1.44, 1998, pp.93-100.

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